One of the most pleasurable aspects of being a sports fan are the debates one can have about the sport itself and the men and women who play it. As a soccer fan, for instance, I have engaged in the long-time argument over who was the greatest player ever: Pele vs. Diego Maradona. There are endless examples of these debates in other sports, and certainly in baseball, which has generated a small industry detailing who is great in the sport’s history, and why that greatness should be acknowledged. In baseball, perhaps, the debate can carry more intellectual weight than in other sports, as baseball by its nature generates mounds of statistics, enough, perhaps, to support any argument imaginable excluding one that suggests J.D. Drew was a good signing by the Red Sox.
Still, before one can marshal statistics one must decide on what parameters one is to use to discuss greatness. I would like particularly to argue about the idea of greatness being personified in the dominance of a sport over a specific, and perhaps short, period of time. This is only one of many ways to measure greatness in baseball. Some measure by career achievements (awards won, lifetime homers hit, etc.) This idea has merit but has the weakness of allowing longevity to influence statistics. Rafael Palmero, for instance, has fairly impressive career numbers, but that is at least partially due to the large number of years he played. (It is also due to the chemicals he injected into his ass.) No one who watched Palmero play, however, would suggest he was the dominant player of his age.
Instead, I would argue that true greatness for baseball players lies in the sheer dominance of a specific time period, even if that period is much shorter than the average career. For instance, I think Jim Rice should be in the Baseball Hall of Fame specifically for the way he dominated the American League from 1976 to 1983. It is true that his production declined dramatically after those years, and that his career numbers are not up to the mark of a player like Palmero. But Rice dominated his age and terrified pitchers. Thus I think he should be in the Hall.
I think this theory of understanding greatness is particularly useful for discussing pitchers, since their shelf-life is often-times (although not always) shorter than hitters. In fact, it is this very argument that has led some to crown Sandy Koufax as the greatest pitcher of all time. (Although the webmaster of this site, my friend Timmy Wilson, would surely vote for Christy Matthewson.) Regardless, I have largely accepted the Koufax argument. Although he did not have a long career and, in fact, only had six years of dominance, those six years were so great that they have inspired legend since then. Take a quick look:
Sandy Koufax
1961 LAD NL 18-13, 255.7ip, 269ks, 3.52e.r.a.
1962 LAD NL 14-7, 184.3, 216, 2.54
1963 LAD NL 25-5, 311.0, 306, 1.88
1964 LAD NL 19-5, 223.0, 223, 1.74
1965 LAD NL 26-8, 335.7, 382, 2.04
1966 LAD NL 27-9, 323.0, 317, 1.73
As you will see in the stats I selected, Sandy played for the LA Dodger in the National League from 1961 to 1966. This, of course, is just the part of his career when he was dominant. The statistics represented are won-loss record, innings pitched, strikeouts, and earned run average for the season. As you will see, the selection is stunning, with 1963, 1965, and 1966 being almost comically dominant. 1966 may be, perhaps, the greatest season ever by a pitcher in major league baseball. Look at those numbers! 27-9 with 317 strikeouts and a 1.73era. That is ungodly.
I would argue, however, that there is one player who had an even greater run of dominance than Koufax, and thus is an even greater player. He was once an LA dodger as well, but his period of dominance came at the tail end of his time with the Montreal Expos before he was traded to the mighty Boston Red Sox. His name was Pedro Martinez, and these are his numbers:
Pedro Martinez
1997 Mon NL 17-8, 241.1, 305, 1.90
1998 Bos AL 19-7, 233.2, 251, 2.89
1999 Bos AL 23-4, 213.1, 313, 2.07
2000 Bos AL 18-6, 217.0, 284, 1.74
2001 Bos AL 7-3, 116.2, 163, 2.39
2002 Bos, AL 20-4, 199.1, 239, 2.26
2003 Bos, AL 14-4, 186.2, 206, 2.22
Like Koufax, Pedro’s numbers are stunning. His 1997, 1999 and 2000 seasons in particular were seasons that stand next to Koufax’s in terms of absolute dominance.
While anyone can and should acknowledge the greatness of Pedro’s statistics, one might argue that Koufax’s were still greater. He certainly won more games, and at his greatest his e.r.a. was a few points lower than Pedro’s. But here it is useful to delve a little deeper into the statistics of the game. For Koufax played in one of the weakest offensive eras in the history of the game; Pedro played in, perhaps, the strongest. Observe the average runs scored per game in the two eras:
NL (Sandy played in the National League for the entire period)
1961: 4.52
1962: 4.48
1963: 3.81
1964: 4.01
1965: 4.03
1966: 4.09
NL/AL (Pedro played the first season listed here in the National League, the remainder in the American League)
1997: 4.60
1998: 5.01
1999: 5.18
2000: 5.30
2001: 4.86
2002: 4.81
2003: 4.86
As you will see, Pedro played in a league that, on average, scored more than half a run per game more than the players of Koufax’s league. Even though people were scoring way more runs, in other words, Pedro kept his statistics close to Sandy’s, who pitched in the era of the 1-0 ballgame.
This only scratches the surface of the statistical evidence. It does not take into account, for instance, that Pedro had the additional stress of facing the designated hitter, and thus could never take a “batter off,” and that he played during the high era of steroids. It must be said that no one has ever remotely suggested Pedro did the junk, and his “little guy” frame at least suggests he was clean.
To me, this evidence suggests that one can make a reasonably strong argument that Pedro was the greatest pitcher of all time. This is not an out-there statement. Many of the number-crunchers at the brilliant Baseball Prospectus seem to think so (see their excellent book Mind Games for more on this) but many general fans would not name Pedro as the greatest. This may be partly due to the tendency to glorify the past in baseball, but it may also be due to the fact that Pedro is no longer dominant: he is now a very good, but probably not great, pitcher. This contrasts sharply with Koufax, who retired after the 1966 season, leaving baseball’s lyricists to wax eloquently about his greatness for the remainder of their days. But greatness still stands among us. Pedro Martinez, the Great Man, the finest pitcher in the history of baseball, is currently rehabbing with the Port St. Lucie Mets in class-A ball. May you get back to New York soon, Pedro, and I do hope you can dominate again.